Article 5

The Space Between Articles 4 and 5: NATO’s Threshold Conditioning Problem

Russia is exploiting the space between NATO consultation and collective defence. SIB #010 examines how Threshold Conditioning can normalise cumulative hostile activity—and proposes Threshold Deterrence as a mechanism for imposing progressively greater collective costs without sacrificing escalation control.

Where Does Article 5 Begin? | Russia, NATO and the Hardening Grey Zone

SIB #009 examines how Russia–NATO competition is moving from cyberattacks, sabotage and electronic interference toward armed interception and the defence of critical infrastructure. Using the Lithuania drone incident and undersea activity near Svalbard as case studies, the brief assesses how Threshold Conditioning may gradually erode the practical boundaries of Article 5 without triggering conventional war.

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